Cancers That Cause Constipation: Early Warning Signs and Symptoms

While constipation is a common issue that many of us experience at some point, it’s often dismissed as a minor inconvenience. But what if it’s signalling something more serious? In some cases, continuous constipation can be early signs of cancer. Understanding the link between constipation and certain cancers is important for catching potential problems early when treatment is most effective. 

The objective of this blog is to explore the link between cancer and constipation, highlighting which types of cancer may trigger constipation, how it manifests, and why it's important to listen to your body when unusual symptoms arise, especially when considering the connection between constipation and cancer risk. Your health is a priority. Let’s understand what constipation may really point to.
 

Can constipation cause cancer?
 

Constipation itself does not cause cancer, but it can sometimes serve as a warning sign for underlying health issues, including certain types of cancer. While most cases of constipation are related to lifestyle factors such as diet, stress, or dehydration, persistent or unexplained constipation may be a symptom of more serious conditions like colorectal or ovarian cancer. 
 

It's important to note that when constipation is accompanied by other unusual symptoms, such as blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss, or abdominal pain, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional. Early detection and attention to these signs can lead to better outcomes in managing potential health risks.
 

Which cancers are associated with constipation?
 

While constipation is commonly seen as a benign issue, it can also be a key symptom of some cancers, often referred to as cancer and constipation symptoms. Certain types of cancer directly affect the digestive system, while others may cause constipation through their impact on surrounding organs. 
 

A 2019 study found that patients with constipation had an increased short-term risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, especially colon and pancreatic cancers. After the first year, the risk for colorectal cancer returned to normal, but the risk for other GI cancers remained slightly elevated. Non-GI cancer risks were mostly higher in the first year, particularly for ovarian cancer. Beyond the first year, the risk for non-GI cancers decreased to normal levels.
 

Here are some of the cancers most commonly linked to constipation:
 

1. Colorectal cancer symptoms
 

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent causes of constipation, especially when a tumour obstructs the intestines. As the tumour grows, it can narrow the colon or rectum, making it difficult for stool to pass through.

Symptoms to watch for include:

• Infrequent or difficult bowel movements
• Straining during bowel movements
• A sensation of incomplete bowel emptying
• Blood in the stool
• Unexplained weight loss
• Abdominal discomfort or cramping
   

Dr Santosh Kumar Enaganti, HOD, Senior Consultant, Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, said that “Constipation with localised pain and persistent constipation in spite of normal diet is indicative of the constructive type of cancer. That means the inside of the lumen of the intestine will become narrow, causing small pallet-like stools associated with pain and bleeding. That’s when we call it an obstructing structuring of colon cancer”.
 

2. Ovarian cancer symptoms
 

Ovarian cancer, often undetected in its early stages, can cause constipation when a tumour presses on the intestines or rectum. This pressure can obstruct bowel movements and lead to constipation.
 

Symptoms to watch for include:
 

• Abdominal bloating
• Pelvic pain
• Changes in menstrual cycles
• Nausea
• Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
   

3. Pancreatic cancer symptoms
 

Pancreatic cancer can cause constipation when the tumour affects the pancreas or bile ducts, disrupting the digestive system. This can result in a build-up of waste and make bowel movements more difficult, highlighting the connection between pancreatic cancer and digestive problems.
 

Symptoms to watch for include:
 

• Unexplained weight loss
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
• Fatigue
• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Changes in stool appearance (e.g., pale or fatty stools)
   

4. Stomach Cancer Symptoms
 

Stomach cancer can cause digestive problems, including constipation, due to obstruction in the digestive tract. As the tumour grows, it can lead to nausea, bloating, and fullness after eating even small amounts of food.
 

Symptoms to watch for include:
 

• Persistent nausea or vomiting
• Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss
• A feeling of fullness after eating small meals
• Stomach pain or discomfort
• Heartburn or indigestion
   

5. Bowel Cancer Symptoms
 

Bowel cancer, or colorectal cancer, is often linked to persistent constipation, especially when a tumour obstructs the bowel or rectum. The growth of the tumour can block the passage of stool and cause discomfort.
 

Signs of cancer causing bowel issues to watch for include:

• Persistent constipation or changes in bowel habits
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Blood in the stool or black, tarry stools
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• A feeling of incomplete bowel emptying
   

If these symptoms persist, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and diagnosis. Early detection is essential for better treatment outcomes.
 

How does cancer treatment lead to constipation?
 

While constipation is a symptom of certain cancers, it can also be a side effect of cancer treatments. Cancer symptoms can worsen during chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which may disrupt normal bowel function. Chemotherapy drugs, in particular, can slow down the digestive system, leading to constipation. 

Also, pain medications, such as opioids, usually prescribed to cancer patients, can further contribute to constipation causes.

For patients undergoing cancer treatment, staying hydrated, eating fibre-rich foods (as tolerated), and engaging in gentle physical activity can help prevent or alleviate constipation. In some cases, doctors may recommend stool softeners like Consrelif Suspension or laxatives like  Sofolyte Powder & Lactivig to manage constipation.

Order your medicines easily at MrMed.in and get fast, reliable delivery to manage your health during cancer treatment. 
 

Why screening is important to identify if constipation is related to cancer
 

If you experience persistent or unexplained constipation, it’s essential to consider the possibility that it may be linked to a more serious condition, such as cancer. Screening is a vital tool for early detection, especially when symptoms do not improve with usual treatments.
 

When to Visit a Doctor:
 

• If your constipation lasts for more than 3 days or worsens over time.
• If you notice blood in your stool or unusual changes in stool consistency (e.g., very hard or the colour changes).
• If you experience unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or abdominal pain along with constipation.
• If you have a family history of cancer, particularly colorectal, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer.
   

A healthcare provider will assess your symptoms and may recommend various tests, such as a colonoscopy, imaging tests, or blood work, to determine if the constipation is related to cancer or another medical condition. Early screening and prompt diagnosis can significantly improve treatment outcomes, so it’s important not to ignore persistent symptoms.
 

Frequently asked questions
 

1. What are the gastrointestinal symptoms of colorectal cancer?
 

Gastrointestinal symptoms of colorectal cancer may include persistent abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits (such as diarrhoea, constipation, or alternating between the two), and blood in the stool. Weight loss and fatigue can also occur.
 

2. Can ovarian cancer cause bowel problems?
 

Yes, ovarian cancer can cause bowel problems, including constipation, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, due to the tumour pressing on the intestines. These symptoms, known as constipation in ovarian cancer, can mimic other digestive issues, so it's crucial to seek medical advice for a proper diagnosis.
 

3. What are the early signs of gastrointestinal cancers?
 

Early signs of gastrointestinal cancers can include unexplained weight loss, persistent abdominal pain or discomfort, changes in bowel habits (such as diarrhoea or constipation), and blood in the stool. Fatigue and loss of appetite are also common.
 

4. Can cancer cause a bloated stomach?
 

Abdominal bloating and cancer can be related, as tumour growth may cause fluid buildup, intestinal obstruction, or pressure on the digestive organs. Persistent bloating, along with other symptoms, should be evaluated by a doctor to rule out cancer or other serious conditions.
 

5. Is digestive issues a symptom of cancer?
 

No, digestive issues can be a symptom of cancer, but they can also indicate many other conditions. Digestive issues (Constipation) and cancer may include symptoms such as continuous stomach pain, bloating, or changes in bowel habits. It's important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis.
 

6. Does colorectal cancer cause constipation?
 

Yes, colorectal cancer can cause constipation, particularly when a tumour obstructs the colon or rectum. This can make it difficult for stool to pass, leading to infrequent or painful bowel movements.
 

Wrapping up
 

Constipation is often considered a minor issue, but it can sometimes indicate more serious conditions, such as colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic, or stomach cancer. If constipation persists with symptoms like unexplained weight loss, abdominal bloating, or changes in bowel habits, it's essential to consult a doctor. 

Early diagnosis is important for effective treatment, so don’t ignore any concerning signs. Taking care of your gut health and being aware of potential symptoms can help you spot issues early and protect your overall well-being. Always prioritise your health and seek medical advice when needed.
 

You can read more about constipation here
 

1. Medications causing constipation

2. Home remedies for constipation

3. How to ease constipation with easy diet changes

References
 

1. Mugie SM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: a systematic review.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21382575/

2. Staller K, Olén O, Söderling J, Roelstraete B, Törnblom H, Song M, Ludvigsson JF. Chronic Constipation as a Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer: Results From a Nationwide, Case-Control Study.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9018894/

3. Wickham RJ. Managing Constipation in Adults With Cancer.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5995490/

4. Etiological factors of constipation in the elderly, with emphasis on functional causes

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-17/volume-17-issue-8/article11.html