Cancer Diagnosing Scans You Need to Know About

Cancer is a daunting diagnosis, and the way to get to know the type and symptoms of cancer usually starts with the necessary scans. These diagnostic imaging tools are essential for doctors to find, measure, and follow the cancer in the body. The most commonly used are MRI, CT, and PET scans, which are three imaging techniques that each serve a different function in cancer diagnosis. In this blog, we will explain the differences of these scans, their technology, and how to prepare for them to make the experience a bit less scary and more informative.

What Are the Key Scans Used in Cancer Diagnosis?

1. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

What it is?

An MRI scan employs high powered magnets and radio waves to construct three-dimensional images of organs and tissues. Different from other types of scans, MRI does not use ionizing radiation, so quite certain groups of patients may face less risk.

How it works?

MRI translates the information from water molecules in the body which are aligned by a magnetic field to make the cross-sectional images. The method is particularly good at imaging soft tissues, such as the brain and muscles, and certain types of cancer, such as breast and prostate cancer, using high-contrast images.

When is it used? 

Doctors frequently recommend MRI scans when imaging of soft tissue lesions, the brain, or the spinal cord is necessary. It serves in the differentiation of tissues with cancer and those without, as well as the classification of tumors.

Preparation tips:

• Dietary restrictions: Normally speaking, no food or drink restriction is imposed, but there is a possibility that one is directed otherwise.
• Metal objects: Remember, never keep any metallic items as they will be a hindrance to the incoming magnetic field.
• Claustrophobia concerns: A handful of patients have a feeling of being apprehensive staying in the sits of an MRI machine. In that case, you can either ask for a sedative or inquire if an open MRI is available.

Why Are MRI, CT, and PET Scans Important in Cancer Diagnosis?

Those imaging technologies are indispensable in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of cancer. Although they are not exactly alike, the choice of MRI, CT, or PET scan depends on the particular case of the patient’s diagnosis.

• MRI facilitates the differentiation of normal and abnormal tissues as well as the detection of soft tissues.
• CT scans are highly advantageous in the precision imaging of bones and in the identification of tumor sizes and shapes.
• PET scans are metabolic activity images which are very helpful in the detecting of aggressive types of cancer and also in the determining of the extent of the disease.

In combination, these scans become a doctor’s toolkit that allows them to have the necessary vital information to conduct effective treatment.

How to Prepare for Each Type of Scan?

MRI Preparation

• Take off all of the metallic objects such as jewelry, watches, and glasses that you have on you.
• Opt for airy, non-restrictive outfits or be ready to put on the hospital gown.
• If you feel anxious about the scan you can ask your doctor about sedation or open MRI options.

CT Scan Preparation

• Specific fasting instructions should be followed, including the use of contrast dye, which can cause fasting for a minimum of 4-6 hours.
• Inform your doctor if you have any allergies to iodides or shellfish, as this may limit the use of contrast dye.
• Preventive hydration should be practiced, and avoid caffeine and sugar-rich drinks for at least two hours before the scan.

PET Scan Preparation

• Stick to a low-carb, high-protein diet 24 hours prior to your appointment.
• Fast for a minimum of 6 hours before the scan.
• Do not perform any strenuous activities for the exercise for the 24 hours preceding the examination.
• Drinking water is also advisable, but all other fluids, including water, should not be consumed.

FAQs About Cancer Diagnosing Scans

1. Are these scans painful?

No, the scans are in most cases not painful. Nevertheless, some people may find it difficult to be still during the scan, and some scans, like the PET scan, require an injection of a radioactive tracer which may be a bit uncomfortable.

2. How long do these scans take?

• MRI: 30-60 minutes, depending on a region being scanned.
• CT scan: 10-30 minutes.
• PET scan: 1-2 hours, as it takes the radioactive tracer time to spread throughout the body.

3. Are there any risks associated with these scans?

• MRI: The magnetic field is not a risk for most people. The only group that should be cautioned is those who have metal implants that might be attracted to it.
• CT scan: It exposes you to radiation, but the amounts are very low and are considered to be safe for most people.
• PET scan: The radioactive glucose contains only a tiny amount of radiation. Most of it is excreted out of the body through urine in the first day.

4. How soon will I get the results?

Usually, these scans provide results in a few days. The images have to be examined by a radiologist first, and then they send the report to your doctor.

5. Can these scans be used for follow-up after cancer treatment?

Definitely, the three scans are frequently utilized for checking the response of cancer treatment and the possibility of recurrence.

Regardless of the fact if you are the one dealing with the disease or you are there to support someone else, comprehending the types of diagnostic scans that are involved in the process of cancer diagnostics can help a lot. MRI, CT, and PET scans are key in the detection and staging of cancer and knowing what to expect can help you remain calm during the diagnostic data gathering.