Spotting Monkeypox Symptoms: 12 Early Signs to Look Out For

The World Health Organization (WHO) has yet again issued a red alert regarding Monkeypox. This viral disease that can pass from animals to humans is spreading across the world. Fresh cases have been detected across London and DRC, with Hyderabad being on high alert very recently. 

Although it is not as serious as smallpox, knowing its symptoms is very important for quick detection and treatment. The illness usually lasts 2 to 4 weeks and has two main stages: the first phase feels like the flu, and the second phase involves a rash.

If you or anyone you know has any of the symptoms mentioned in this article, it is essential to seek medical help immediately.

12 early Monkeypox signs and symptoms that shouldn't be ignored

The early signs of Monkeypox often mimic flu-like symptoms and may develop suddenly, making it essential to be aware of them to avoid confusion with other illnesses. This section also covers symptoms that differentiate monkeypox from other viral infections:

1. Fever and Chills: These are often the first indicators of Mpox. The fever can range from mild to high, and sudden chills may accompany it.

2. Headache: Persistent and often severe, a headache is another early sign that can occur alongside fever and other flu-like symptoms.

3. Muscle Aches and Back Pain: Muscle aches, commonly referred to as myalgia, and back pain may develop during the initial stages, contributing to the overall feeling of malaise.

4. Fatigue: It is common to feel overwhelmed with tiredness, which may feel disproportionate to one's usual energy levels. This fatigue can persist throughout the illness.

5. Swollen Lymph Nodes (Lymphadenopathy): Unlike other viral infections like chickenpox, Mpox is often marked by noticeable swelling of the lymph nodes, typically in the neck, armpits, or groin. This swelling usually begins 1 to 3 days after the onset of fever and serves as a distinguishing feature of Mpox.

6. Sore Throat: A sore throat may develop early in the illness, making swallowing uncomfortable. This, along with other flu-like symptoms, can make Mpox initially appear similar to a common cold or flu.

7. Cough and Respiratory Issues: Mpox can affect the respiratory system, leading to a dry cough, shortness of breath, or general respiratory discomfort.

8. Rash Appearance: Typically, 1 to 3 days after the fever begins, a rash emerges, often starting on the face and then spreading to other parts of the body. This rash can appear on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, areas less commonly affected by other conditions like chickenpox.

9. Rash Progression: The rash progresses through different stages, from flat red spots (macules) to raised bumps (papules), then to vesicles (fluid-filled) and eventually pustules (filled with pus). These pustules crust over and form scabs that eventually fall off.

10. Lesions in the Mouth, Genitals, and Eyes: Mpox can affect mucous membranes, leading to painful lesions in the mouth, on the genitals, and even around the eyes. These areas may feel particularly sensitive or sore.

11. Joint Pain: Mpox may also cause joint pain, which is in addition to the discomfort caused by muscle aches and the rash.

12. General Malaise: People often report feeling unwell or out of sorts, which can make it difficult to distinguish Mpox from other viral illnesses early on.

How does Mpox spread from person to person?

The monkeypox virus spreads when people come into close contact with infected animals or people or touch contaminated materials.

• Animal-to-Human Transmission: Spread occurs through bites, scratches, or handling of infected animals, whether alive or dead.
• Human-to-Human Transmission: Virus spreads through close contact with bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, or skin lesions of an infected person.
• Intimate Contact: Transmission can happen during intimate interactions, including sharing bedding or sexual contact.
• Contaminated Items: The virus spreads through contact with contaminated items, such as bedding or clothing.
• Respiratory Droplets: Inhaling large droplets from an infected person can spread the virus, though this is less common.
• High-Risk Groups: Healthcare workers, family members, and sexual partners of infected individuals are at higher risk.
• Prevention: Good hygiene, wearing PPE, and reducing close contact with infected individuals is key to preventing the spread.

How to protect yourself against Monkeypox?

Prevention is very important to stop the spread. Vaccination is the best way to prevent Mpox, but there are often issues with how easy it is to get. In addition to getting vaccinated, you can lower your risk by practising good hygiene. Wash your hands regularly, stay away from sick people and animals, and practice safe sex.

Vaccination and its availability in India

While a specific Monkeypox vaccine is under development, the existing Smallpox vaccine provides cross-protection against Mpox. It is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for individuals at high risk.

Vaccination efforts are currently focused on containing outbreaks and protecting high-risk individuals. It is important to consult with your healthcare provider to determine your eligibility for vaccination and receive appropriate guidance based on your risk profile.

Practical steps to reduce your risk of infection

1. Follow public health advice to reduce Mpox infection risk.
2. Wash hands regularly with soap or use an alcohol-based sanitiser.
3. Avoid contact with sick individuals, especially those with rashes or breathing issues.
4. Use proper PPE, like gloves and a mask, when caring for someone with Mpox.
5. Avoid contact with wild animals, especially rodents and primates.
6. Cook meat thoroughly and wash hands after handling animals or animal products.

Monkeypox diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosing Monkeypox needs both a doctor’s check-up and lab tests. Your doctor will look at your symptoms, where you have travelled, and any possible exposure. Lab tests are needed to confirm the disease. This usually involves using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a sample taken from a skin sore.

Treatment for Mpox mainly helps with symptoms and avoids problems. If the case is serious or the immune system is weak, antiviral medicines could be used. Getting vaccinated after being exposed also helps lessen the severity of the illness.

Processes and tests for confirming Monkeypox

A clear diagnosis of Mpox requires lab tests to check for the pox virus. The most trustworthy test is polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which uses a sample from a skin sore.

Other lab tests can check for antibodies, but PCR is the best choice for diagnosing Mpox because it is very accurate and reliable.

Available treatments and managing symptoms at home

Right now, no specific treatment has been approved for Mpox. Antiviral drugs like tecovirimat show promise in studies. They may be used for severe cases or those with weak immune systems.

Supportive care is the main way to manage Mpox. Warm baths with oatmeal or baking soda may soothe skin lesions. Staying hydrated and eating a balanced diet are also important for good health and recovery.

When to seek medical help: Advice for residents in India

If you have Mpox, it is very important to get medical help right away. Mpox is rare in India. Early diagnosis can help stop the spread and avoid severe disease.

If you have travelled to places with Mpox cases or had contact with someone who might have the virus, see your healthcare provider or go to the nearest medical facility without delay.

Following safety measures, being careful, and getting quick medical attention are all important steps to protect public health.

Frequently Asked Questions

Here are some FAQs on Monkeypox that you need to know about: 

1. Can Monkeypox be transmitted through casual contact?

Mpox mostly spreads through close physical contact. This includes skin-to-skin contact or being around respiratory droplets when having face-to-face conversations for a long time. You can also get it from touching things that are contaminated. However, just walking by an infected person doesn’t usually put you at a high risk of mpox.

2. What are the long-term effects of Monkeypox?

Most people get better from Mpox without lasting effects. However, some people with weak immune systems or those who have severe symptoms might face complications. These can include scarring from skin lesions or secondary bacterial infections.

3. How effective is the vaccine, and who should get it?

The smallpox vaccine can protect you by about 85% against Monkeypox, as stated by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is advised for people who are at higher risk, including healthcare providers and those who are in close contact with infected people. Talk to your healthcare provider to see if you are eligible.

4. What do you do if you suspect you have Monkeypox symptoms?

If you think you have mpox symptoms, stay away from others right away. Reach out to your healthcare provider for help. They will check your symptoms, ask about your travel history, and look at any possible exposure. This will help them give you a diagnosis and suggest the right medical care.

What to keep in mind?

Quick diagnosis and proper care are key to managing symptoms and stopping the spread of monkeypox. Stay informed, practice good hygiene, and get medical help if necessary to keep you and others safe from Monkeypox. Remember, preventing this disease is important. Stay aware and take care of your health.

References

1. https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/08/1153176
2. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/index.html
3. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/mpox-monkeypox
4. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mpox/

Note: The information provided in this blog is intended for general knowledge. It is important to remember that it should not replace professional medical advice. If you have any concerns about Monkeypox or related symptoms, please consult a healthcare provider.