This page contains brief details about the drug , it's indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.

Background and Date of Approval

Tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was first discovered in the 1960s, isolated from Streptomyces tenebrarius. It was approved for medical use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1975. 

Clinical trials preceding its approval demonstrated its efficacy in treating severe bacterial infections, particularly those caused by gram-negative bacteria. The trials emphasised its potency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a notoriously drug-resistant pathogen.

Mechanism of Action of undefined

Tobramycin exerts its antibacterial effects by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. This binding interferes with protein synthesis, leading to the production of defective proteins and ultimately causing bacterial cell death. The drug exhibits concentration-dependent killing, meaning its efficacy increases with higher concentrations.

Uses of undefined

Tobramycin is widely used to treat various bacterial infections, including:

  • Severe respiratory infections, such as pneumonia.
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs).
  • Bone and joint infections.
  • Skin and soft tissue infections.
  • Eye infections, when used as eye drops.
  • Cystic fibrosis-related lung infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

undefined Drug administaration and Dosage available

Tobramycin for Injection, USP is supplied as a dry powder in a bulk package vial. The contents must be reconstituted with 30 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, USP, to prepare a solution containing 40 mg/mL of tobramycin. This solution must be further diluted prior to intravenous (IV) administration.

For adults, the recommended dosages are as follows:

  • Serious infections: 3 mg/kg/day divided into three equal doses (1 mg/kg every 8 hours).
  • Life-threatening infections: Up to 5 mg/kg/day divided into three or four doses.

Specific dosage recommendations are provided for pediatric patients, patients with cystic fibrosis, renal impairment, and obese patients. It is crucial to adhere to prescribing guidelines and consult full prescribing information for precise adjustments. Tobramycin is not intended for direct infusion in its bulk package form and must be dispensed through a pharmacy admixture program.

Warnings, Precautions and Side Effects of undefined

Warnings

  • Ototoxicity: Tobramycin may cause irreversible hearing loss.
  • Nephrotoxicity: Prolonged use can damage kidneys.
  • Neuromuscular Blockade: Rarely, it can cause respiratory paralysis.

Precautions

Regular monitoring of kidney and auditory function is recommended during treatment. Avoid concurrent use with other nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs. Dose adjustments are necessary for patients with renal impairment.

Side Effects

Common side effects include:

  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Dizziness or vertigo.
  • Skin rashes.
  • Local irritation at the injection site.

Rare but severe side effects:

  • Hearing loss or ringing in the ears (tinnitus).
  • Kidney dysfunction.
  • Neuromuscular weakness.

Word Of Advice

Tobramycin should only be used under strict medical supervision. Adherence to prescribed doses and schedules is critical to minimise side effects and resistance development. Inform your doctor about any pre-existing health conditions or concurrent medications.

Frequently Asked Question

References

  1. Reyhanoglu G, Reddivari AKR. Tobramycin. [Updated 2023 Aug 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551695/
  2. National Center for Biotechnology Information (2024). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 36294, Tobramycin. Retrieved December 19, 2024 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tobramycin.
  3. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/050789s012lbl.pdf

Disclaimer

The drug information on this page is not a substitute for medical advice, it is meant for educational purposes only. For further details consult your doctor about your medical condition to know if you are eligible to receive this treatment.