Common Seasonal Diseases in India To Know About
19 Aug 2024
12 mins
What Are The Most Common Diseases in India During Different Seasons?India's monsoon season is a prime time for the spread of various illnesses. The rainy weather creates ideal conditions for germs to thrive, leading to a surge in health problems.    Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/all-you-need-to-know-about-dengue] and malaria [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/world-malaria-day] become more prevalent, while water-related illnesses like cholera and typhoid also pose significant risks.    Understanding how weather changes impact health is crucial for effectively preventing and managing these diseases. Keep reading to learn about the most common monsoon ailments and how to protect yourself.     IS THE RAINY SEASON GOOD FOR HEALTH?   The monsoon season is very important for health in India. It greatly affects how seasonal diseases spread. Illnesses like malaria and dengue are seen more during this time. Changes in the weather help bad germs grow, leading to more health problems. High humidity worsens skin problems and breathing issues.    Standing water becomes a place for mosquitoes to breed, which raises the risk of mosquito-borne diseases. To stay healthy during the monsoon, you need to practice good hygiene and take the right steps.     WHAT ARE THE DISEASES CAUSED BY MONSOONS?   In July and September, the high humidity and standing water allow mosquitoes to breed, leading to outbreaks of diseases like dengue and chikungunya.    1. Water-related illnesses: Typhoid and hepatitis [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/liver-care/hepatitis-symptoms-types], rise in these wet times. The monsoon season, which occurs during these months, helps these infections spread quickly. It is important to know the steps we can take to stop these diseases.   2. Extreme weather events: Climatic changes can greatly impact public health and bring new health risks. For example, shifting weather patterns can help diseases spread. Extreme weather events, like heatwaves or storms, can also hurt our health.   People may face issues such as breathing problems and heat-related illnesses. Food and water supplies can become unsafe due to changing climates. We need to focus on how climate impacts health.   3. Humidity-induced: The weather changes during the monsoon in India can affect public health. Higher humidity helps harmful germs to grow. This can cause more sickness from water and air. Sweating a lot can lead to dehydration, especially in hot summer.    When dehydration happens, people can get sick easily as their body becomes weaker. Also, standing water from heavy rains is a good place for mosquitoes to breed. This increases the risk of diseases like dengue.    Because of these weather changes, it is very important to keep things clean and practice good hygiene to prevent seasonal illnesses.     WHICH OF THE DISEASES YOU MIGHT GET DURING RAINY SEASON?   AIRBORNE ILLNESSES   Cold and flu [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/cold-symptoms], are common during this time. These diseases, along with allergies, rashes, and skin infections, grow well in the humid and wet weather. To avoid getting sick from these monsoon illnesses and allergies, it is important to stay safe from mosquito bites. Drink clean water and practice good cleanliness.   MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES   Mosquito-borne diseases, like malaria, dengue, and chikungunya, often occur during the monsoon season in India. These illnesses spread when infected mosquitoes bite people. Malaria can cause a high fever and body aches. Dengue usually causes severe joint pain and tiredness.    Chikungunya brings symptoms like fever and joint pain, and sometimes rashes too. To reduce the chance of getting these diseases, it is important to avoid standing water where mosquitoes lay eggs. Using mosquito repellent is also helpful to stop bites.   WATER-BORNE DISEASES   During the monsoon season in India, several common diseases spread through water. These include typhoid, viral hepatitis [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/all-about-viral-hepatitis], and cholera. These diseases mainly spread through contaminated water and can cause serious health problems like gastroenteritis.    Cholera spreads often due to poor sanitation and cleanliness. Hepatitis A can also spread quickly in unclean areas. To lower the chance of getting sick, it is important to make sure drinking water is clean and to follow good hygiene practices.   AIR-BORNE DISEASES   During the monsoon season in India, some diseases that spread through the air, like the cold and the flu, can harm our health. The high humidity makes these diseases grow, causing more problems with breathing. The wet air can make health issues feel worse. This can make people more likely to get viral infections. Because of this, it's important to stay clean.    Wearing a mask can help cut down on pollen in the air. Keeping things clean can stop stuffy noses and other flu signs [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/monsoon-flu-prevention-tips]. Doing these things will help reduce the chance of catching these air-borne diseases during the rainy season.     HOW CAN WE TAKE CARE OF OUR HEALTH IN MONSOON?   Good ways to stay healthy during the rainy season focus on staying well. This means dealing with diseases from mosquitoes, avoiding illnesses from water, and keeping safe from germs in the air.   Here's what you can do:   * Get rid of standing water around your home. * Use bug spray to prevent bites. * Make sure you have clean water to drink. * Keep up cleanliness every day.   It is very important to keep your body strong. You should eat healthy foods and drink plenty of water. If you do these things, you can lower your chance of getting sick in the rainy season and feel good.   WHAT IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASE?   To stop diseases spread by mosquitoes during the rainy season in India, you need to take action.    First, get rid of any standing water where mosquitoes lay eggs. This includes potholes near your home. You should also wear long clothes and use mosquito repellent.    Putting screens on windows and using mosquito nets can make you feel safer, too. It is a good idea to clean and change the water in coolers and vases often. This reduces the places where mosquitoes can breed. If you do this, you lower your risk of getting sick from illnesses like dengue and chikungunya.   SAFEGUARDING AGAINST WATER-BORNE ILLNESSES   * Make sure to clean drinking water to remove harmful germs. * Boil water before you drink it or use a water cleaner. * Don’t drink drinks with ice if you don’t know where it comes from. * Choose bottled water from trusted brands to lower the chance of getting sick. * Keep yourself clean, especially when handling food. * Be careful with the water you use for cooking. This helps stop water disease during the rainy season in India.     HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM AIRBORNE DISEASES?   Airborne diseases can be a big risk during the rainy season. To stay safe, keep your cleanliness and avoid crowded places.    Having fresh air in your home can lower the chances of getting sick. Clean your air conditioning units often to stop harmful germs from spreading. Also, eat a healthy diet [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/benefits-of-eating-healthy] and drink plenty of water to keep your body strong. This can help you fight off the common cold and the flu. Remember, being careful helps you stay well in the monsoon.      HOME REMEDIES AND HEALTHCARE TIPS   As the monsoon starts, it can cause health problems. Natural ways can help with common issues.    1. Natural remedies, like ginger tea and honey, can help if you have a sore throat when it is rainy. Drinking turmeric milk can make your body stronger against common colds. It's important to drink enough fluids, such as herbal teas, to avoid dehydration. 2. Be sure to eat healthy food to prevent seasonal sickness. 3. Staying clean and safe can help reduce infections. Choose coconut water to stay hydrated and replace your electrolytes. 4. For a sore throat or body pain, warm herbal teas with ginger and tulsi work well. 5. If you feel hot and have a fever, drinking soups or broths is a great option. These will keep you hydrated and help you feel better quickly.   IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION AND HYDRATION   Good nutrition and staying hydrated are very important to keep the body strong against seasonal illnesses in India. During the monsoon, you should eat a balanced diet that is rich in vitamins and minerals. This helps stop infections.    Staying hydrated is also key. It can flush out toxins and keep the body running well. Eating foods that have a lot of water, like cucumbers and melons, can help prevent dehydration. These foods also support the body’s natural defenses. A focus on good nutrition and hydration during the monsoon can really lower the risk of catching common illnesses.     FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQS)   Here are some most common seasonal disease related queries in India:    1. What are the common illnesses that occur in India during the monsoon?   During the monsoon in India, many people get sick from several diseases. Mosquitoes carry diseases like dengue and chikungunya. There are also diseases from water, such as typhoid and hepatitis A. Plus, air-borne infections like the common cold and flu spread quickly. It is important to be careful and do things to prevent these illnesses during the rainy season.   To prevent mosquito-borne diseases during the monsoon, you can do several things. Keep your area clean and free of standing water. Use mosquito spray on your skin. Put screens on your windows and doors. Wear long sleeves and pants when you go outside. If you have a pond or garden, change the water every week. Also, stay inside when mosquitoes are more active, such as early in the morning or late in the evening.   2. Are there certain vaccines you should get for diseases that come during the monsoon?   In areas where monsoon illnesses are common, getting vaccines for hepatitis A, typhoid, and Japanese encephalitis is a good idea. Keeping up with regular vaccines can also help strengthen your body’s defense against usual monsoon diseases.   3. What are the common seasonal illnesses that can impact children?   During the rainy season, kids can get sick with diseases like dengue, typhoid, and colds. It is important to take steps to avoid these illnesses. Taking care of their food and staying clean can help keep children safe from these seasonal diseases.   4. When is the right time to see a doctor for seasonal symptoms?   During the monsoon, if you feel sick for several days or feel worse, you should see a doctor. Don’t ignore signs like a high fever, severe body aches, a cough that lasts, or diarrhea. It is very important to get help fast for treatment and to feel better.     STAY ALERT!   Being careful during the monsoon season in India is very important. This can help you stay healthy. You can keep clean by washing your hands and avoiding dirty places. Don't stand in water to stop mosquitoes from breeding. Staying clean can lower your chance of getting sick from water. A healthy lifestyle matters too. Eating good food and drinking enough water can make your body stronger. This helps it fight common health problems during the monsoon.  Note: The information provided in this blog is intended for general knowledge. It is important to remember that it should not replace professional medical advice. If you have any concerns about your health or seasonal infection symptoms, please consult a healthcare provider.
Dr. Tejashwin Adiga
Flu vaccination
8 Aug 2024
8 mins
Who Needs The Flu Vaccine? An A-Z GuideAre you tired of the flu season sneaking up on you and disrupting your life? You're not alone. Every year, millions face the inconvenience and potential danger of influenza. But here's the good news: a simple flu shot can make a world of difference. Let’s learn more about the flu vaccination. From understanding its benefits to debunking common myths, we've got you covered. Ready to take control of your health? Let’s get started!   WHAT IS THE FLU VACCINE?   The influenza vaccine [https://www.mrmed.in/molecule/influenza-vaccine] is formulated to defend against the strains of the flu virus anticipated to be prevalent in this flu season. It works by stimulating the immune system to generate antibodies, which help combat the flu virus if you come into contact with it. The flu vaccine is updated each year to align with the most prevalent strains, providing optimal protection each flu season.   HOW DOES THE FLU VACCINE WORK?   The flu vaccine introduces a small, inactivated or weakened form of the virus into your body. This doesn't cause the flu but prompts your immune system to identify and combat the virus. This process helps your body build immunity, reducing the chances of getting sick and lessening the severity of signs and symptoms if you contract the flu.   WHY SHOULD YOU GET A FLU SHOT?   Receiving a flu shot is one of the most effective methods to prevent the flu and its complications. It not only protects you but also helps safeguard those around you, especially vulnerable populations like seniors, children, and people with chronic illnesses [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/chronic-illness-rise]. The flu vaccine plays a vital role in preventing severe flu complications and reducing the likelihood of hospitalisations. By significantly lowering the risk of serious health issues associated with the flu, it helps protect individuals from potentially severe outcomes and supports overall public health.   WHO SHOULD GET THE FLU VACCINE?   The flu vaccine is essential for anyone six months and older. It's particularly important for high-risk groups, including:   1. Seniors (65 years and older): Older adults are at an elevated risk of severe flu complications, making vaccination especially important.   2. Children (especially under five years old): Young children are more susceptible to serious flu complications, including hospitalisation.   3. Pregnant women: The flu vaccine helps protect both the mother and the baby from flu-related issues.   4. People with chronic health conditions: Individuals with conditions like asthma [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/respiratory-disorder/all-you-need-to-know-about-asthma], diabetes, or heart disease [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/heart-care/six-most-common-heart-diseases] face a higher risk of severe flu complications.   WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO GET A FLU SHOT?   In India, where influenza viruses are active throughout the year, with higher activity during the monsoon and winter months, the best time to get the flu vaccine is ideally two weeks before the flu season begins, which is usually in the pre-monsoon period. If this timing is missed, it is still advantageous to get vaccinated at any point during the year. Vaccination offers valuable protection against the flu and its potential complications, no matter when you receive it.   WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS OF THE FLU VACCINE?   Most people experience no or mild side effects from the flu vaccine. Common side effects may include:   * Soreness or redness at the injections & vaccine [https://www.mrmed.in/condition/injections-and-vaccine] site * Low-grade fever * Muscle aches * Headache   These side effects usually subside within a day or two. Serious side effects are rare. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that severe allergic reactions occur in fewer than 1 or 2 instances per million vaccinated individuals.   CAN THE FLU VACCINE GIVE YOU THE FLU?   One of the most common myths regarding this vaccine is that it can give you the flu. This is not true. The flu vaccine contains inactivated or weakened viruses that cannot cause illness. Any side effects you might experience are typically mild and short-lived.   HOW EFFECTIVE IS THE FLU VACCINE?   The effectiveness of the flu vaccine can differ each year, depending on how well the vaccine matches the circulating viruses. On average, the vaccine lowers the likelihood of getting the flu by 40% to 60%. Even if you do get the flu after vaccination, the symptoms are usually less severe.    IS THE FLU VACCINE SAFE FOR CHILDREN AND SENIORS?   Yes, the flu vaccine is safe and recommended for children six months and older. It is particularly important for young children, as they are at elevated risk of serious complications from the flu.   Seniors are at higher risk for severe flu-related complications, making the flu vaccine especially important for them. Special high-dose flu vaccines are available for older adults, which provide a stronger immune response. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), seniors account for the majority of flu-related hospitalisations and deaths, highlighting the importance of vaccination in this age group.   ARE THERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLU VACCINES?   Yes, there are several types of flu vaccines, including:   1. Standard-dose flu shots: Suitable for most people.   2. High-dose flu shots for seniors: Designed to elicit a stronger immune response in older adults.   3. Intradermal flu shots: Injected into the skin rather than the muscle, suitable for adults aged 18-64.   4. Nasal spray flu vaccines: An option for certain age groups, typically children and non-pregnant adults up to 49 years old.   Your doctor can help determine which type is best for you.   WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF YOU MISS THE FLU SHOT?   If you miss getting the flu shot at the start of the flu season, don't worry. It's still beneficial to get vaccinated later, as the flu virus can circulate well into the spring.    HOW CAN YOU PREVENT THE FLU BESIDES VACCINATION?   In addition to getting vaccinated, you can take other steps to prevent the flu:   1. Wash your hands often with soap and water: Keeping your hands clean is one of the best ways to stop germs from spreading.   2. Avoid close contact: Stay away from anyone who is visibly unwell to avoid catching their germs.   3. Cover your mouth and nose: Always use a tissue or your elbow while sneezing or coughing to keep your germs from spreading to others.   4. Stay home if you feel unwell: If you're sick, rest at home to protect others from getting sick too.   These simple actions can help keep you and others healthy and prevent flu and other viral diseases [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/monsoon-flu-prevention-tips]!   WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR THE FLU?   If you catch the flu, antiviral medicines [https://www.mrmed.in/condition/antiviral] can help reduce the intensity and length of symptoms. It's essential to start treatment early, ideally within 48 hours of symptom onset. Additionally, rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications can help manage symptoms. Dr. Alka Deshpande, an infectious disease expert, notes, "Early intervention with antivirals can significantly shorten the duration of the flu and prevent complications."   ARE THERE ANY FLU VACCINE MYTHS?   Several myths about the flu vaccine persist. Let's debunk a few:   1. Myth: Healthy people don't need a flu shot.   Fact: Everyone, including healthy individuals, can benefit from a flu shot to protect themselves and others.     2. Myth: You don't need a flu shot every year.   Fact: The flu virus mutates every year, and so does the vaccine. Annual vaccination is necessary for optimal protection.   CAN YOU GET THE FLU SHOT IF YOU'RE PREGNANT?   Yes, the flu shot is safe and recommended for pregnant women. It protects both the mother and baby from the flu and its complications. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), vaccination during pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of flu illness in pregnant women by about 50%.   WHAT IS THE COST OF THE FLU VACCINE?   The price of the flu vaccine can differ, but many insurance plans cover it fully. For those without insurance, local health departments and pharmacies often offer the vaccine at a reduced cost or even for free. In India, the flu vaccine typically costs between INR 600 to INR 1500, depending on the type and provider.   HOW DO YOU SCHEDULE A FLU SHOT?   Scheduling a flu shot is easy. You can get vaccinated at:   * Doctor's offices: Your primary care physician can administer the vaccine during a routine visit. * Pharmacies: Many pharmacies offer walk-in flu shot services. * Health clinics: Community health centres often provide flu vaccines. * Local health departments: Public health initiatives frequently offer flu vaccination clinics.   Many workplaces and schools also offer flu shot clinics during the flu season.   PARTING WORDS   The flu can be more than just a minor inconvenience; it can lead to severe health issues, especially for individuals with weakened immune systems, the elderly, and young children. By getting your flu shot, you’re not only safeguarding your health but also helping to protect those around you who might be more vulnerable. Vaccination [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/why-vaccines-important] is a straightforward and powerful measure to prevent the flu and its potential complications. Don’t wait; schedule your flu shot today and take a proactive approach to a healthier, flu-free season. Stay informed, stay protected, and contribute to keeping your community safe from the flu!   REFERENCES   1. https://invc.co.in/flu-vaccination/india#:~:text=Ideal%20time%20to%20receive%20flu%20vaccination%20in%20India&text=Hence%20its%20best%20to%20take,it%20during%20pre%2Dmonsoon%20period [https://invc.co.in/flu-vaccination/india#:~:text=Ideal%20time%20to%20receive%20flu%20vaccination%20in%20India&text=Hence%20its%20best%20to%20take,it%20during%20pre%2Dmonsoon%20period]. 2. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm [https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm] 3. https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/history-of-vaccination/history-of-influenza-vaccination [https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/history-of-vaccination/history-of-influenza-vaccination] 4. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/whoshouldvax.htm [https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/whoshouldvax.htm]     Note: The information provided in this blog is intended for general knowledge. It is essential to remember that it should not replace professional medical advice. If you have any concerns about flu vaccination or related symptoms, please consult a healthcare provider.
Sakshi Anil More
12 early signs of dengue to know about
2 Aug 2024
8 mins
12 Early Signs of Dengue To Know AboutDengue fever is a serious illness spread by mosquitoes, causing symptoms that can become severe if not treated early. With dengue outbreaks becoming more common, especially in places like India, recognising the early signs of dengue can help you get the right treatment in time. Here are 12 early signs of dengue to watch out for:   12 EARLY SIGNS OF DENGUE TO LOOK OUT FOR!   1. High Fever   One of the most prominent early signs of dengue is a sudden high fever, often reaching up to 104°F (40°C). This fever usually begins a few days after a mosquito bite from an infected carrier and may continue for several days. It’s essential to monitor any high fever closely and seek medical attention if it persists.   2. Severe Headache   A severe headache, particularly in the forehead region, is a common symptom of dengue fever. This headache can be intense and persistent, making it difficult to concentrate on daily activities. If you experience a severe headache along with other dengue symptoms, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional.   3. Pain Behind the Eyes   Dengue often causes pain behind the eyes, also known as retro-orbital pain. This discomfort can worsen with eye movement and may be accompanied by redness and swelling around the eyes. If you have this pain along with a fever, it’s worth getting checked for dengue fever.   4. Muscle and Joint Pain   Dengue is often called 'breakbone fever' [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/national-dengue-day-2023] because of the intense muscle and joint pain it can produce. This pain can be debilitating, affecting the back, legs, and joints, making movement difficult. Muscle and joint pain, combined with other symptoms, can indicate the presence of dengue fever.   5. Extreme Fatigue   Extreme fatigue and weakness are common early signs of dengue. This fatigue can be overwhelming, making it challenging to perform even simple tasks. If you feel unusually tired and weak, especially if other symptoms are present, it’s important to get checked for dengue.   6. Skin Rash   A skin rash is a common symptom of dengue, typically appearing a few days after the onset of fever. The rash can vary in appearance, often starting as small red spots [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/skin-care/petechiae-skin-red-spots] that may spread across the body. In some cases, the rash may be itchy or cause discomfort. This skin rash usually persists even after the dengue is cured.   7. Nausea and Vomiting   Nausea and vomiting are early signs of dengue that can occur alongside other symptoms. These gastrointestinal issues can lead to dehydration, so it’s essential to stay hydrated and seek medical advice if nausea and vomiting persist.   8. Swollen Lymph Nodes   They are usually present in the neck and groin and can be an early indicator of dengue. The glands might feel tender and enlarged, signalling how the body is reacting to the infection.   9. Abdominal Pain   Abdominal pain and discomfort are frequently experienced symptoms of dengue. This pain can be severe and is often located in the lower part of the abdomen. If you have ongoing abdominal pain, particularly if accompanied by other symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention.   10. Bleeding Gums or Nosebleeds   Bleeding gums [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/world-oral-health-day] or nosebleeds can be early warning signs of severe dengue, also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever. These symptoms indicate that the virus is affecting the blood's ability to clot, which can lead to more serious complications.   11. Loss of Appetite   A noticeable loss of appetite is a common early sign of dengue. This may result in weight loss and fatigue, making it even more crucial to maintain proper nutrition and hydration during the illness.   12. Restlessness and Irritability   Restlessness and irritability can occur in the early stages of dengue. These symptoms, combined with physical discomfort and other signs, can significantly impact your quality of life. If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.   WHEN SHOULD I GO FOR DENGUE SCREENING?   Dengue [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/all-you-need-to-know-about-dengue] fever can escalate quickly, making timely diagnosis and treatment critical. Here’s when you should consider going for dengue screening:   1. Onset of Symptoms: If you develop a sudden high fever (104°F or higher) accompanied by any of the symptoms mentioned above, it's crucial to get screened. These symptoms typically appear 4-10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.   2. Persistent Symptoms: If your symptoms last beyond a couple of days or worsen despite taking general fever-reducing measures, you should seek medical advice and consider dengue testing.   3. Recent Travel to High-Risk Areas: If you have recently travelled to areas with ongoing dengue outbreaks or where dengue is endemic and you begin to feel unwell, getting screened for dengue is essential.   4. History of Dengue Exposure: If you have been in close contact with someone diagnosed with dengue or live in an area where dengue cases are being reported, it is advised to monitor for symptoms and get screened if symptoms appear.   5. High-Risk Groups: Those with weakened immune systems, pregnant women, young children, and older adults face a greater risk of severe dengue complications. If you or someone you know belongs to these groups and is experiencing symptoms, it’s important to get screened quickly for the best care.   WHY ARE DENGUE CASES RISING IN INDIA?   Dengue cases in India are rising due to several factors. As of June 2024, India is experiencing a significant rise in dengue cases. According to a report by the National Center for Vector Borne Diseases Control, over 320,000 cases have been reported across various states. States like Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have seen particularly high numbers. Some of the factors that are linked to the increase in the number of cases are:   1. Urbanisation: Increased urban population density facilitates the breeding of Aedes mosquitoes.   2. Climate Change: Warmer temperatures and irregular rainfall patterns create ideal conditions for mosquito breeding.   3. Water Storage Practices: Storing water in open containers provides breeding sites for mosquitoes.   4. Lack of Awareness: Limited public awareness about preventive measures contributes to the spread of the virus.   FAQS ON DENGUE IN INDIA   Q.1) WHAT IS DENGUE FEVER, AND HOW IS IT TRANSMITTED?    Dengue fever is a viral illness [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/what-are-antiviral-drugs] spread through mosquito bites. It spreads to humans through the bites of infected female Aedes mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes are also known for spreading Zika [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/zika-virus-india-faqs] and Chikungunya viruses.   Q.2) HOW IS DENGUE TREATED?    Dengue fever treatment includes staying hydrated, taking acetaminophen [https://www.mrmed.in/molecule/paracetamol-acetaminophen] for pain and fever, and resting. Severe cases may require hospitalisation for fluids and monitoring. Avoid aspirin and prevent mosquito bites. Eat a healthy diet [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/bone-joint-health] that will help you strengthen bones and joints and provide you with essential nutrients.   Q.3) WHAT SKIN CHANGES OCCUR WITH DENGUE?    A skin rash is a common symptom of dengue, typically appearing a few days after the onset of fever. The rash can vary in appearance, often starting as small red spots that may spread across the body. In some cases, the rash may be itchy or cause discomfort.   Q.4) IS IT COMMON TO FEEL RESTLESS WITH DENGUE?   Restlessness and irritability can occur in the early stages of dengue. These symptoms, combined with physical discomfort and other signs, can significantly impact your quality of life. If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.   Q.5) HOW IS DENGUE DIAGNOSED?    Laboratory tests that detect the virus, viral RNA, or antibodies generated in response to the infection are used to diagnose dengue. Common tests include the NS1 antigen test, PCR test, and IgM/IgG antibody test.   Q.6) HOW LONG DOES DENGUE LAST?   Dengue fever typically lasts about 7 to 10 days. The acute phase of the illness typically lasts 2 to 7 days, followed by a period of recovery. However, symptoms such as fatigue and weakness can persist for a few weeks after the initial infection has resolved.   KEY TAKEAWAYS   Knowing the early signs of dengue, like high fever, severe headaches, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, extreme fatigue, skin rash, nausea, vomiting, swollen lymph nodes, abdominal pain, bleeding gums, loss of appetite, and restlessness can help you get timely treatment. If you notice any of these signs or symptoms, seek medical help right away. Staying informed and vigilant can help you manage dengue fever effectively and prevent serious complications.   For additional support, traditional remedies like drinking papaya leaf juice may help boost platelets, and consuming dragon fruit and kiwi due to their high vitamin C content can aid in recovery. Always consult a doctor before relying on home remedies for dengue treatment.   REFERENCES    1. https://ncvbdc.mohfw.gov.in/index4.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=431&lid=3715 [https://ncvbdc.mohfw.gov.in/index4.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=431&lid=3715] 2. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue] 3. https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/index.html [https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/index.html] 4. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/dengue-fever [https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/dengue-fever] 5. https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2024/07000/the_value_of_warning_signs_from_the_who_2009.5.aspx [https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2024/07000/the_value_of_warning_signs_from_the_who_2009.5.aspx]
Sakshi Anil More
Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala
26 Jul 2024
9 mins
Nipah Virus Outbreak: Why The Kerala Epidemic Is Alarming For IndiaThe recent Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala has everyone on edge, and for good reason. This deadly virus threatens both humans and animals, making it a major concern across India. In this blog, we'll dive into everything you need to know about the Nipah virus - its symptoms, how it spreads, and ways to protect yourself. Keep reading to find out why this epidemic is so alarming and how you can stay safe.   WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF NIPAH VIRUS?   Nipah virus symptoms can vary from mild to severe. Initially, infected individuals may experience flu-like symptoms [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/cold-symptoms] such as fever, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, and sore throat. As the disease advances, the symptoms may intensify, resulting in dizziness, drowsiness, altered consciousness, and acute encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).   In severe cases, patients may experience respiratory issues [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/respiratory-disorder/respiratory-disease-symptoms], such as difficulty breathing and neurological complications. These symptoms can progress rapidly, and without timely medical intervention, the disease can be fatal.   HOW DOES NIPAH VIRUS SPREAD?   Nipah virus is primarily transmitted through direct interaction with infected animals like fruit bats and pigs, which are natural hosts for the virus. Transmission between humans can happen through close interaction with the bodily fluids of infected individuals.   Consumption of contaminated food, particularly fruits bitten by infected bats, can also lead to infection. During outbreaks, it is essential to avoid contact with sick animals and practice good hygiene to reduce the risk of transmission.   IS THERE A VACCINE FOR NIPAH VIRUS?   At present, there is no vaccine available for the Nipah virus in humans. Research and development are actively pursuing the creation of an effective vaccine, though it is a complex and lengthy process. This lack of a vaccine highlights the critical need for preventive measures and swift medical attention for those showing symptoms of the virus.   WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR NIPAH VIRUS?   No specific treatment exists for Nipah virus infection. Supportive care is the primary approach, focusing on relieving symptoms and managing complications. This includes providing fluids, ensuring proper nutrition, and treating any secondary infections that may arise.   Antiviral medications [https://www.mrmed.in/condition/antiviral] and immunotherapies are being explored as potential treatments, but their efficacy remains under investigation. Early detection and supportive care significantly improve the chances of survival for infected individuals.   WHY IS THE KERALA NIPAH VIRUS OUTBREAK ALARMING?   The Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala is causing major alarm due to its severe health risks and rapid spread. This deadly virus can lead to serious illnesses, including encephalitis and severe respiratory problems, which are challenging to treat. Recent reports reveal a shocking situation: Kerala has confirmed over 20 Nipah virus cases in 2024, with at least ten people having tragically lost their lives. The outbreak has overwhelmed local hospitals and heightened fears across the region.   Health experts warn that the dense population and high mobility in Kerala make it easier for the virus to spread quickly. The current outbreak is a stark reminder of the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and quick action to contain the virus. The situation highlights the critical importance of public health measures and ongoing research to prevent further spread and protect communities. The severity of the outbreak is prompting immediate responses to limit its impact and ensure that effective strategies are in place.   HOW CAN WE PREVENT NIPAH VIRUS INFECTIONS?   Preventing Nipah virus infections requires a multi-faceted approach. Public health awareness campaigns are essential to educate people about the risks and preventive measures. Key strategies include:   1. Avoiding Contact with Infected Animals: Limit exposure to bats and pigs, particularly in areas where outbreaks have occurred.   2. Food Safety Practices: Avoid consuming fruits that may have been contaminated by bats. Ensure all food is thoroughly washed and properly prepared.   3. Personal Hygiene: Consistent handwashing [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/global-handwashing-day-2022] with soap and water can reduce the risk of infection.   4. Protective Measures for Healthcare Workers: Healthcare professionals should use appropriate protective equipment when dealing with suspected or confirmed cases to prevent nosocomial (hospital-acquired) transmission.   5. Community Awareness: Informing communities about the significance of early medical consultation if symptoms arise can lead to timely diagnosis and treatment.   HOW DID THE NIPAH VIRUS OUTBREAK IN KERALA START?   The Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala is believed to have started with the transmission from fruit bats to humans. These bats are natural carriers of the virus and can spread it through their saliva, urine, and faeces. In previous outbreaks, the consumption of contaminated fruits or direct contact with bat excreta has been identified as the source of infection.   In Kerala, it is suspected that people contracted the virus after coming into contact with bat-contaminated environments or through secondary transmission from infected individuals. Detailed investigations are ongoing to pinpoint the exact origin and transmission dynamics of the outbreak.   WHAT STEPS SHOULD BE TAKEN IF SOMEONE IN YOUR FAMILY IS INFECTED WITH NIPAH VIRUS?   1. Seek Medical Attention: Contact a healthcare provider right away if you suspect someone in your family is infected with the Nipah virus. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.   2. Isolate the Infected Individual: To prevent the spread of the virus, isolate the infected person from others as much as possible. They should remain in a separate room and use a different bathroom if available.   3. Follow Hygiene Protocols: Ensure that anyone coming into contact with the infected person follows strict hygiene practices. This entails frequently washing hands with soap and water and using personal protective equipment (PPE) if necessary.   4. Disinfect Surfaces: Consistently clean and sanitise surfaces and items that the infected person has touched. Use appropriate disinfectants that are effective against viruses.   5. Monitor Symptoms: Keep a close watch on the health of other family members for any signs of infection. If symptoms develop, seek medical advice promptly.   6. Avoid Sharing Personal Items: Do not share personal items such as towels, utensils, or bedding with the infected person.   IS NIPAH VIRUS DEADLY?   Yes, the Nipah virus is considered highly deadly. The fatality rate for Nipah virus infection ranges from 40% to 75%, depending on various factors such as the strain of the virus, the speed of diagnosis, and the quality of medical care available. The high mortality rate makes it one of the most concerning emerging infectious diseases.   The severity of the disease, coupled with the lack of specific treatments and vaccines, underscores the critical need for effective public health measures to prevent and control outbreaks.   WHAT ARE THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF NIPAH VIRUS INFECTION?   Survivors of Nipah virus infection may experience long-term health effects, particularly neurological diseases [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/neurology/5-brain-related-diseases]. Some individuals may suffer from persistent neurological deficits, including cognitive impairment, personality changes, and seizures. The extent and severity of these complications can vary widely among survivors.   Long-term monitoring and rehabilitation are essential for survivors to manage and mitigate these lasting effects. Ongoing research aims to understand the virus's long-term impact better and develop strategies to improve survivors' quality of life.   WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES IN CONTROLLING NIPAH VIRUS OUTBREAKS?   Controlling Nipah virus outbreaks presents several challenges:   1. Early Detection: Symptoms of Nipah virus infection are non-specific and can resemble other common illnesses, making early diagnosis difficult.   2. Lack of Specific Treatments: The absence of specific antiviral treatments and vaccines limits the options for effectively managing the disease.   3. Human-to-Human Transmission: The potential for human-to-human transmission necessitates stringent infection control measures, particularly in healthcare settings.   4. Wildlife Interactions: Wildlife, particularly fruit bats, are involved in the transmission cycle, complicating efforts to predict and prevent outbreaks.   5. Public Awareness: Raising public awareness and ensuring community cooperation are crucial for the successful implementation of preventive measures.   WHAT STEPS IS THE GOVERNMENT TAKING TO ADDRESS THE NIPAH VIRUS OUTBREAK?   The government has implemented several measures to address the Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala:   1. Surveillance and Testing: Enhanced surveillance and testing protocols have been established to identify and isolate suspected cases quickly.   2. Public Health Campaigns: Public awareness campaigns are being conducted to educate people about the symptoms, transmission, and preventive measures for the Nipah virus.   3. Healthcare Preparedness: Healthcare facilities are being equipped with the necessary resources and training to handle Nipah virus cases effectively.   4. Research and Development: Efforts are underway to accelerate research into antiviral treatments and vaccine development for the Nipah virus.   5. International Collaboration: Collaboration with international health organisations is ongoing to leverage global expertise and resources in managing the outbreak.   WRAPPING UP   The Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala serves as a clear reminder of the ongoing danger presented by emerging infectious diseases. The high fatality rate, coupled with the potential for human-to-human transmission, makes it a significant public health concern for India. While there is no specific treatment or vaccine currently available, early detection, supportive care, and preventive measures can significantly mitigate the impact of the virus.   Public health authorities, healthcare workers, and individuals must work together to address this challenge. By raising awareness, enhancing surveillance, and prioritising research, we can better prepare for and respond to Nipah virus outbreaks. The lessons learned from the Kerala epidemic will be crucial in shaping future strategies to combat this deadly virus and protect public health.   REFERENCES    1. https://www.woah.org/en/disease/nipah-virus/ [https://www.woah.org/en/disease/nipah-virus/] 2. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/nipah-virus [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/nipah-virus] 3. https://www.who.int/southeastasia/outbreaks-and-emergencies/health-emergency-information-risk-assessment/surveillance-and-risk-assessment/nipah-virus-outbreak-in-kerala [https://www.who.int/southeastasia/outbreaks-and-emergencies/health-emergency-information-risk-assessment/surveillance-and-risk-assessment/nipah-virus-outbreak-in-kerala] 4. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/21/india/nipah-virus-death-kerala-india-intl-hnk/index.html [https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/21/india/nipah-virus-death-kerala-india-intl-hnk/index.html] 5. https://dhs.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Nipah-Guidelines-9-04-21-2-1.pdf [https://dhs.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Nipah-Guidelines-9-04-21-2-1.pdf]
Sakshi Anil More
Chandipura Virus Must Know Facts
19 Jul 2024
9 mins
What Is The Chandipura Virus Spreading In Gujarat?The Chandipura virus (CHPV), from the Rhabdoviridae family, is a serious threat spreading through sandfly bites, particularly in South Asia. How did this virus come to affect so many communities? What are its symptoms, and how can we treat and prevent it?   Learn about the Chandipura virus - from its origins to its spread across South Asia. Find out about its symptoms, the signs to watch for, and the latest efforts to find treatments and protective measures. Stay informed about the current situation with this virus, as each new finding helps us get closer to understanding and fighting this serious health threat.   You can rely on this blog to get all the information you need about the Chandipura virus, helping you recognise and respond to this important health issue.   WHAT IS THE HISTORY OF THE CHANDIPURA VIRUS?   The Chandipura virus (CHPV) gained prominence in 1965 during an outbreak in Chandipura village, Maharashtra, India. It belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family and is primarily associated with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), which particularly affects children. Its discovery was a pivotal moment in infectious disease research, as it was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of affected individuals during the initial outbreak.   Subsequent outbreaks in India and sporadic cases in neighbouring countries like Bangladesh have highlighted CHPV's ability to cause rapid onset and severe neurological diseases [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/neurology/5-brain-related-diseases]. Symptoms include fever, convulsions, altered mental status, and high mortality rates among children, emphasising the virus's significant public health impact.   Research efforts have concentrated on understanding its transmission dynamics, potentially involving sandflies as vectors. Genetic studies have aimed to uncover its diversity and evolution, which are crucial for developing preventive measures like vaccines. Despite these efforts, the Chandipura virus remains a persistent concern, necessitating continuous surveillance and preparedness to manage future outbreaks effectively. Your vigilance is key.   WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF CHANDIPURA VIRUS INFECTION?   Chandipura virus infection presents a range of symptoms that typically appear within a few days to a week after exposure. These symptoms can vary in severity but commonly include:   * High Fever: The onset is often abrupt, accompanied by chills and sweating, which can make the person feel extremely uncomfortable.   * Intense Headache: Persistent and severe headaches [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/mental-wellness/difference-between-migraine-headache] are a hallmark of Chandipura virus infection, affecting daily activities and causing significant discomfort.   * Photophobia: This symptom involves sensitivity to light, where even mild sunlight or bright indoor lights can cause discomfort or pain in the eyes.   * Altered Sensorium: In more severe cases, individuals may experience confusion or disorientation, affecting their ability to think clearly or respond appropriately to their surroundings.   * Seizures: Particularly common among children, seizures can occur and may vary in intensity, from mild shaking to more severe convulsions.   * Coma: Although rare, Chandipura virus infection can lead to coma in critical cases, highlighting the serious nature of the illness.   These symptoms collectively underscore the urgency of early detection and prompt medical intervention. Anyone experiencing these signs after potential exposure to the virus should seek medical attention immediately for proper diagnosis and management.   HOW IS THE DISEASE DIAGNOSED?   Diagnosing Chandipura virus infection begins with recognising its distinct symptoms, which typically appear shortly after exposure. Suppose you notice signs like high fever accompanied by chills, intense headaches that don't ease with usual remedies or discomfort caused by sensitivity to light. In that case, it's crucial to seek medical help promptly.   1. Clinical Evaluation: When you visit a healthcare provider, they will conduct a thorough clinical assessment. This involves discussing your symptoms in detail and performing a physical examination to check for specific signs associated with Chandipura virus infection, such as altered consciousness or neurological abnormalities.   2. Laboratory Tests: To confirm a diagnosis, various laboratory tests are employed:   * PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Assays: These tests detect the genetic material of the Chandipura virus in bodily fluids like blood or cerebrospinal fluid. PCR is highly sensitive and helps in early detection.   * Serological Tests: These tests look for antibodies produced by the immune system against the Chandipura virus. These tests determine if you have been exposed to the virus previously or if you currently have an active infection.   Early diagnosis is crucial for timely management and to prevent complications. If you suspect a Chandipura virus infection based on symptoms or potential exposure, don't hesitate to consult a healthcare professional. Prompt medical attention ensures appropriate care and helps prevent the virus from spreading within communities.   WHAT IS THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE CHANDIPURA VIRUS?   The life cycle of the Chandipura virus involves transmission between reservoir hosts, such as animals or humans, and vector (sandfly) species. The virus replicates or multiplies in the salivary glands of infected sandflies, which transmit the virus to humans through bites during feeding.    This is why controlling sandfly populations is a crucial part of preventing Chandipura virus infection. Once infected, humans can develop symptoms within a few days to a week, depending on individual immune responses and viral load.   HOW IS CHANDIPURA VIRUS INFECTION TREATED?   Treating Chandipura virus infection involves supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Since there is no specific antiviral treatment for the Chandipura virus, the focus is on alleviating symptoms and supporting the body's immune response.   * Hospitalisation 1. Severe Cases: Patients with severe symptoms, such as high fever, seizures, or altered mental status, are often hospitalised for close monitoring and intensive care. * Symptom Management 1. Fever Reduction: Medications like acetaminophen (paracetamol [https://www.mrmed.in/molecule/paracetamol]) are used to reduce fever and relieve headaches. 2. Hydration: Intravenous fluids may be administered to maintain hydration, especially in cases with high fever and sweating. 3. Anticonvulsants: For patients experiencing seizures, anticonvulsant medications are given to control and prevent further episodes. * Neurological Support 1. Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of neurological signs and symptoms is crucial. Healthcare providers watch for changes in consciousness and mental status. 2. Neuroprotective Measures: In some cases, neuroprotective strategies are employed to support brain health and function. * Respiratory Support 1. Oxygen Therapy: Patients with severe respiratory symptoms or complications may require supplemental oxygen to maintain adequate oxygen levels in the blood. 2. Ventilatory Support: In critical cases, mechanical ventilation may be necessary if the patient experiences respiratory failure.   WHAT MEASURES CAN PREVENT CHANDIPURA VIRUS INFECTION?   Preventing Chandipura virus infection involves comprehensive strategies aimed at controlling sandfly populations and promoting personal protective measures:   1. Vector Control: Implementing insecticide spraying and environmental management to reduce sandfly breeding sites.   2. Personal Protection: Encouraging the use of mosquito nets and insect repellents and wearing long-sleeved clothing to minimise sandfly bites, especially during peak biting times (dusk to dawn).   3. Community Education: Raising awareness about Chandipura virus symptoms, promoting early medical consultation, and emphasising hygiene practices to reduce transmission risk.   WHY ARE CHANDIPURA VIRUS OUTBREAKS A CONCERN?   Chandipura virus outbreaks are concerning due to their potential to cause different serious illnesses, especially in children and immunocompromised individuals. The virus is known to cause neurological complications such as seizures and coma, posing challenges for treatment and management.    According to recent data, Gujarat reported 12 confirmed Chandipura virus cases in 2024, with six resulting in fatalities. These statistics underscore the severity and impact of Chandipura virus outbreaks, prompting intensified efforts in public health responses and research. Understanding the epidemiology and implementing effective control measures are crucial to mitigating its impact.   ENDING NOTE   The Chandipura virus presents ongoing challenges to public health in India, particularly in regions endemic to sandfly-borne diseases. Understanding the virus's transmission dynamics, recognising its clinical manifestations, and implementing effective prevention and control strategies are essential for mitigating its impact on vulnerable populations.   Continued research efforts, collaborative initiatives among health authorities, and community engagement are pivotal in developing targeted interventions, including vaccines and therapeutics, to combat Chandipura virus infections effectively.   In conclusion, proactive surveillance, vector control measures, community education, and early medical intervention play critical roles in reducing Chandipura virus transmission and mitigating its public health impact.   REFERENCES   1. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/chandipura-virus-infection-death-toll-reaches-15-why-does-it-have-fatal-outcomes-in-kids/articleshow/111842120.cms [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/chandipura-virus-infection-death-toll-reaches-15-why-does-it-have-fatal-outcomes-in-kids/articleshow/111842120.cms] 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5094110/ [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5094110/] 3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22721825/ [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22721825/] 4. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X12002276 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X12002276] 
Sakshi Anil More
Best Tips to Prevent Flu During Rainy Season
11 Jul 2024
9 mins
11 Tips to Prevent Flu & Other Viral Diseases This Rainy SeasonRain, rain, go away, come again another day. But oh, the memories of playing in the rain, the smell of petrichor, and the cozy feeling of being indoors. The monsoon in Mumbai is truly a season to cherish, with its soothing showers turning the city lush and green.  Imagine the delicious smell of pakoras frying, a hot cup of chai in your hand, and children joyfully playing football in the rain. It’s a season of fun and coziness, but it also brings along a hidden danger – the viral flu. Have you ever thought about how something as wonderful as the rainy season can also make us sick? How can the same rain that brings us happiness also lead to sneezes, fevers, and visits to the doctor?   As we enjoy the beauty of Mumbai’s rains, it’s important to stay alert and protect ourselves from the increase in flu and other viral infections. How? Don't worry; our new blog has you covered.   WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON DISEASES DURING THE RAINY SEASON?   As the monsoon arrives, it's not just joy in the air but also an increased risk of flu and other viral diseases [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/what-are-antiviral-drugs]. The combination of fluctuating temperatures and higher humidity provides ideal conditions for viruses to thrive.   The flu, with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, and fatigue, peaks during this season. Alongside, the common cold, dengue fever [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/all-you-need-to-know-about-dengue], and viral gastroenteritis become more prevalent. The rainy season boosts mosquito breeding, spreading diseases like dengue, while indoor gatherings facilitate virus transmission.   Understanding these risks is crucial. By knowing how these diseases spread, we can take measures to stay healthy and enjoy the rainy season safely. So, let’s dive into 11 essential tips that will help you stay healthy and flu-free during this beautiful yet challenging season.   HOW CAN I PREVENT GETTING SICK IN MONSOON?   Here are 11 flu-prevention tips to keep in mind this rainy season  Tip 1: Maintain Personal Hygiene   Personal hygiene is your first line of defence against viral infections. It might seem simple, but washing your hands frequently with soap and water can significantly reduce the risk of getting sick. Think about all the surfaces you touch throughout the day – doorknobs, public transport handles, and even your phone. These can all harbour germs.   When soap and water aren’t available, hand sanitisers with at least 60% alcohol are a great alternative. Also, keep personal items like your phone, keys, and wallet clean. These everyday items can carry viruses and bacteria, so give them a good wipe down regularly.   Tip 2: Get Vaccinated   Vaccination is one of the most effective solutions to prevent the flu and other viral diseases. The flu vaccine [https://www.mrmed.in/molecule/influenza-vaccine], in particular, helps protect against the most common strains of the influenza virus. It’s best to get vaccinated before the flu season starts to give your body time to build up immunity.   Don’t forget about other important vaccinations, such as those for Hepatitis [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/all-about-viral-hepatitis] and Typhoid, which can also be beneficial during the rainy season. Check with your healthcare provider to see which vaccinations are right for you.   Tip 3: Boost Your Immune System   A strong immune system [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/top-10-ways-to-improve-immune-system] is your body’s best defence against infections. Incorporate a meal rich in vitamins and minerals, such as citrus fruits, leafy greens, and nuts. Nutrients like Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Zinc can also boost immunity.   Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and stress management are essential components of a healthy immune system. Devote some time from your day to yoga and meditation [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/yoga-for-self-and-society] to keep stress levels in check. Remember, a healthy body is better equipped to fight off infections.   Tip 4: Drinking liquids   Staying hydrated is like giving your body a refreshing shower from the inside! During the rainy season, it's easy to forget to drink enough water, but it's crucial for keeping your immune system strong and your overall health in check. So, grab that water bottle and make it your best friend.    Imagine sipping on a warm cup of ginger tea while the rain patters on your window – it not only keeps you hydrated but also adds a cozy touch to your day. Chamomile tea can help you relax, and green tea is packed with antioxidants that give your immune system a little boost.    While it might be tempting to reach for sugary sodas or multiple cups of coffee, these drinks can actually dehydrate you. Instead, try to keep a balance. Enjoy your favourite beverages in moderation, but make sure water and herbal teas are your main go-to drinks. Your body will thank you for it!   Tip 5: Eat a Balanced Diet   Maintaining a balanced meal [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/benefits-of-eating-healthy] is key to keeping your immune system strong, especially during the rainy season. Fill your plate with antioxidant-rich foods like berries, nuts, and dark chocolate; they’re not just delicious but also great for fighting off infections.   Boost your gut health [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/gastroenterology/world-digestive-health-day] with probiotics [https://www.mrmed.in/molecule/pre-probiotics] present in yoghurt and fermented foods like kimchi. These little helpers strengthen your immunity from the inside out.   Avoid processed foods, excess sugar, and trans fats; they can weaken your immune system. Stick to wholesome, nutrient-packed foods to fuel your body and stay healthy all season long.   Tip 6: Avoid Crowded Places   Overcrowded places increase the risk of exposure to viruses. Minimise visits to crowded areas, especially during peak hours. If unavoidable, practice safe measures such as wearing a mask and maintaining physical distance. Online shopping and off-peak travel can also help reduce exposure to crowded places.   Tip 7: Use Protective Gear   Using protective gear like masks and gloves can provide an extra layer of protection against viruses. Ensure that you wear masks properly, covering both your nose and mouth, and dispose of them safely. Raincoats and umbrellas can help keep you dry and reduce the risk of catching a cold.   Tip 8: Keep Your Living Environment Clean   A clean living environment is necessary for preventing infections. Regularly clean and disinfect common areas and high-touch surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, and countertops. Ensure proper ventilation in your home to allow fresh air to circulate. Effective waste management is also crucial to avoid attracting pests and spreading germs.   Tip 9: Be Cautious with Food and Water   Food and water safety [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/health-care/foods-to-eat-and-avoid-in-flu] is paramount during the rainy season. Consume clean and cooked food to avoid foodborne illnesses. Avoid street food and unhygienic eateries, as they can be breeding grounds for bacteria and viruses. Drink purified or boiled water to ensure it is safe for consumption.   Tip 10: Manage Stress   During the rainy season, managing stress [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/mental-wellness/stress-migraine-causes-symptoms-prevention-management] is key to keeping your immune system strong. Incorporate daily stress-busting activities like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing. Stick to a routine and stay connected with loved ones for added support and a happier you. Stress less, enjoy more!   Tip 11: Recognize Early Symptoms and Seek Medical Help   Early detection of flu and other viral infections can prevent complications and promote faster recovery. Common symptoms to watch out for include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical advice promptly. Early consultation with a healthcare professional can ensure timely and appropriate treatment.   FAQS   Q.1) Why do I feel feverish when it rains? A - Feeling feverish during rainy weather can result from temperature fluctuations, increased humidity hindering sweat evaporation, and higher transmission rates of viral infections like the flu in crowded indoor spaces. Allergies to mould or pollen released during rain can also contribute. You can practice home remedies [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/viral-infections/home-remedies-fever], or if symptoms persist, seeking medical advice is advisable.      Q.2) Can flu vaccination completely prevent the flu? A - Flu vaccination significantly lowers the risk of contracting the flu, but it may not completely prevent it. The vaccine helps to protect against the most common strains of the virus and can decrease the severity of symptoms if you do get sick.     Q.3) What are the most effective ways to boost the immune system? A - The most effective ways to boost the immune system include eating a balanced meal rich in vitamins and minerals, staying hydrated, getting regular exercise, managing stress, and ensuring adequate sleep.     Q.4) What kind of disease spread more in rainy season? A - Diseases that spread more during the rainy season include waterborne illnesses like cholera and typhoid, mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue fever, respiratory infections like the flu, and fungal skin infections [https://www.mrmed.in/health-library/fungal-infections/fungal-skin-infection]. Preventive measures like hygiene practices and avoiding stagnant water can help reduce the risk.     Q.5) How can I differentiate between flu and common cold symptoms? A - Flu symptoms are usually more severe and come on suddenly, including high fever, body aches, and extreme fatigue. Common cold symptoms are milder and develop gradually, often including a runny nose and mild cough. If in doubt, consult your doctor for an accurate diagnosis.   WRAPPING UP!   As the raindrops fade and the clouds part, remember that staying healthy during the rainy season is all about balance and awareness. Embrace the cozy moments with hot chai and pakoras, but also stay vigilant against the sneaky viruses and infections that thrive in this weather.   By following these tips - like staying hydrated, eating well, managing stress, and practising good hygiene, you can enjoy the rainy season to the fullest without worrying about falling ill. Let's make this season about laughter, warmth, and staying healthy together.    Share these tips with your loved ones to ensure everyone stays safe and well. Here's to a happy and flu-free rainy season ahead!   REFERENCES   1. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/keyfacts.htm#:~:text=Flu%20is%20a%20contagious%20respiratory,Flu%20Symptoms [https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/keyfacts.htm#:~:text=Flu%20is%20a%20contagious%20respiratory,Flu%20Symptoms] 2. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/actions-prevent-flu.htm#:~:text=The%20single%20best%20way%20to,prevent%20respiratory%20illnesses%20like%20flu [https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/actions-prevent-flu.htm#:~:text=The%20single%20best%20way%20to,prevent%20respiratory%20illnesses%20like%20flu]. 3. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal) [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal)] 4. https://www.bestchoicewellness4u.com/medical-clinic-services/flu-vaccine [https://www.bestchoicewellness4u.com/medical-clinic-services/flu-vaccine] 5. http://www.nationwidehealthservices.com/healthy-diet-combinations-for-longer-life [http://www.nationwidehealthservices.com/healthy-diet-combinations-for-longer-life] 6. https://www.phsafrika.com/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-tips-to-prepare-children-for-a-flu-vaccination/ [https://www.phsafrika.com/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-tips-to-prepare-children-for-a-flu-vaccination/]
Sakshi Anil More